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Research and partnerships

 

Since 2007, research and evaluation have been major areas of development within Ngala. Ngala has actively promoted a research culture, developing research and evaluation frameworks in consultation with our university and research partners.

Ngala’s Research and Evaluation Frameworks support the development of a sustainable interdisciplinary research agenda for work in parenting and childhood. Evaluation at Ngala adopts an action research approach. Our purpose is to support parents, families and communities through our way of responding to their changing needs, and measuring our impact to inform the next implementation of the program.

Ngala’s Research and Evaluation policy aligns with Ngala’s strategic and business plans and is responsive to the needs of communities by providing evidence-informed services. The Research and Evaluation policy ensures a robust research and evaluation strategy and process which seeks to build relationships with universities, other researchers, community agencies and consumers of services. It aims to support the creation and maintenance of an organisational culture that underpins an evidence-informed organisation and provide direction for staff at all levels on their roles and responsibilities.

 

Reports Published in 2021

18 October 2021 –

Together with Anglicare WA, Ngala has launched a report on Reducing Poverty and Improving Child Development in WA.

There is a straight-forward, evidence-backed solution to ending child poverty in Western Australia, Ngala and Anglicare WA launched the Reducing Poverty and Improving Child Development in WA joint report during Anti Poverty Week 2021 addressing this issue.

WA has the third-highest rate of child poverty in the nation, with nearly 95,000 children living in poverty. Severe child poverty has risen substantially in the last decade.

The Reducing Poverty and Improving Child Development in WA Report has highlighted the impact of poverty on children through a comprehensive review of relevant research, along with successful initiatives to address the issue and accounts of lived experience.

The Report found children who grow up in poverty face significant challenges to their social, emotional, and physical development that have life-long impacts on health and wellbeing both in childhood and into their adult years.

It identified four key actions to lift children permanently from poverty and improve their growth and development:
•  Provision of adequate income support for families
•  Universal access to early childhood education and care
•  Provision of targeted early intervention supports to meet each child’s needs
•  Prioritise the rights of children and their development, health, and wellbeing

To Read The Full Report click here

To download the Snapshot, click here

 

Research Priorities 2021 – 2024

• Sociology of family and relationships
• Mental health
• Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and wellbeing
• Child and adolescent development
• Community development
• Program evaluation

 

Research Partnerships

Ngala develops and builds relationships with key universities and agencies related to research. The Research Advisory Network provides a forum for Ngala, universities, and researchers to share knowledge and ideas that allow Ngala services and programs to be evidence-informed and innovative. In providing a platform to share knowledge and ideas, the Research Advisory Network contributes to the growing child development and parenting research evidence base.

Current Research Advisory Network membership includes Executive Managers and key Ngala staff. External members include:

• Dr Dawson Cooke – School of Nursing, Curtin University
• Dr Lisa Gibson – Telethon Kids Institute & UWA
• Dr Amy Finlay-Jones, Telethon Kids Institute & UWA
• Assoc. Prof. Vicki Banham – School of Psychology & Social Science, Edith Cowan University
• Dr Garth Kendall – School of Nursing, Curtin University
• Dr Cecily Strange – School of Population and Global Health, UWA
• Jayne Kotz – Ngangk Yira Research Centre for Aboriginal Health and Social Equity, Murdoch University
• Dr Catherine Archer – College of Arts, Business, Law and Social Sciences, Murdoch University

 

Research opportunities

Ngala encourages collaborative research opportunities and welcomes submissions from relevant stakeholders with interests that align with our research priorities.

Student research opportunities are also supported. This may include support with promotion of their study, recruitment, resources, or a more formal partnership. Postgraduate students are encouraged to consider Ngala’s research priority areas.

If you are interested in a research partnership, would like to support a student research project, or are a student with a research project, please complete the Research Enquiry Form and email to [email protected].

Volunteer research assistants are always welcome.

 

Published Research

Ngala publishes in relevant Australian and international journals, and presents papers and posters at relevant conferences.

Ngala’s published research and journal articles 2003 – 2022.

For queries about the research listed or other information, please contact [email protected].

Ngala is proud to support others on selected projects, including:

SMS4Dads – Provides new fathers with information and connections to online services through their mobile phones.
The ORIGINS project – The largest study of its kind in Australia, following 10,000 families over a decade to improve child and adult health.
The Mummy Buddy project – Improving the wellbeing and mental health of new mums.
Beacon Cyber safety app – An educational app designed to keep parents and carers up to date with trusted, tailored information, to help keep their kids safe online.
Bright Tomorrows – The Bright Tomorrows initiative was formed to give parents, carers and others who care about or for children some of the tools they need to give all children the best start to life.
Baby Coming You Ready – An innovation designed to support the social and emotional wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander parents-to-be and new parents.

 

 

 

Our History

 

 

An early start

Ngala’s story began in 1890 as ‘The House of Mercy’, a refuge and maternity home for young pregnant women. It later became known as the Alexandra Home for Women.

Strong social pressures and stigma for unmarried mothers to relinquish their babies resulted in many who were born in the home being fostered or adopted. This practice continued until the 1980s. Ngala acknowledges the trauma that the forced adoption era caused many families, and we sincerely regret the role that our organisation has played in what we now know to be a harmful practice.

In 1949, the Alexandra Home for Women opened its first training facility in WA for Mothercraft nurses. It was named Alexandra Home for Mothers and Babies and Mothercraft Training School, and later, changed to Ngala Mothercraft Home and Training Centre Inc.

The name Ngala was chosen from Aboriginal Noongar language and means ‘we two, the dual between parents and children’. The Centre soon included infant health nurse training (now child health nursing) for registered nurses and midwives.

A new direction

Ngala’s first Childcare Centre opened in 1971 with places for 54 children. It was one of a very few registered not-for-profit day nurseries in Perth, in response to a community need for affordable childcare.

During the 1980s, Ngala changed its focus to a family-centred approach and was no longer involved in out of home care for children or Mothercraft training. Child Health Nursing training was transferred to Curtin University in 1985.

100 years of service

In 1990, the early Child Health Hotline began operating out of hours by child health nurses, which laid the foundation for the Ngala Helpline (now known as the Ngala Parenting Line).

Exciting new evidence emerged about early brain development and perinatal mental health, which was used to improve Ngala’s services. We embraced a holistic approach to early parenting education and support.

In 1995, a move to the current Kensington premises marked a new growth period for Ngala Family Resource Centre, as it was known. Expansion began into the community in outer metropolitan and country areas with group and education programs.

The 1990s also marked the beginning of Ngala’s strong partnership approach. Our focus on working with the whole family, not just mothers and babies, positioned Ngala to champion father inclusive practice in the early years with our Hey Dad program, now DadsWA.

2021 and beyond

Today, Ngala operates across Western Australia, and continues to use the latest internal and external research and training, alongside community stories and experiences to develop and deliver services that meet the needs of today’s parents and children.

*Ngala sincerely regrets the trauma caused to parents, children and families by past adoption practices. You can read our statement of apology here.

Our History

129 years of history in WA communities

Humble beginnings

Ngala’s story began in 1890, and was known as ‘The House of Mercy’, a refuge and maternity home for young pregnant women. It later became known as Alexandra Home for Women.

The Home’s policy was to keep mothers and babies together as much as possible. However, many babies born in the Home were fostered or adopted. This practice continued until the 1980s. The separation from family had significant impacts for many.

In 1949, the Alexandra House for Women opened their first training facility in WA for mothercraft nurses. It was named Alexandra Home for Mothers and Babies and Mothercraft Training School, and later, changed to Ngala Mothercraft Home and Training Centre Inc. Ngala was chosen from Aboriginal Noongar language and means ‘We two, the dual between parents and children’. The centre soon included infant health nurse training (now child health nursing) for registered nurses and midwives.

A new direction

Ngala’s first Childcare centre opened in 1971 with places for 54 children. It was one of very few registered not-for-profit day nurseries in Perth in response to a community need for affordable childcare.

During the 1980s, Ngala changed its focus to family-centred approaches. Ngala was no longer involved in out of home care for children or mothercraft training. Child Health Nursing training was transferred to Curtin University in 1985.

100 years of service

In 1990, the early Child Health Hotline began operating out of hours by child health nurses, which laid the foundation for the Ngala Helpline (now Ngala Parenting Line).

Exciting new evidence emerged about early brain development and perinatal mental health, which was used to improve Ngala’s services. We embraced a holistic approach to early parenting education and support.

In 1995, a move to the current Kensington premises marked a new growth period for Ngala Family Resource Centre, as it was known. Expansion began into the community in outer metropolitan and country areas with group and education programs.

The 1990s also marked the beginning of Ngala’s strong partnership approach. Our focus on working with the whole family, not just mothers and babies, positioned Ngala to champion father inclusive practice in the early years with our Hey Dad program, now DadsWA.

2019 and beyond

Today, Ngala operates across Western Australia, and continues to use the latest internal and external research and training, alongside community stories and experiences to develop and deliver services that meet the needs of today’s parents and children.

 

Ngala sincerely regrets the trauma caused to parents and their children and families by past adoption practices. We commend the formal apologies by the State and Federal Governments in 2010 and 2013.

Ngalang Moort Ngalang Kurlangah (Our Family Our Children)

Ngalang Moort Ngalang Kurlangah is an innovative program delivered by Ngala for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander families, with young children aged 0 – 4 years.

Located in Midland, Ngalang Moort Ngalang Kurlangah provides activities that support our kids to play, learn and thrive while having fun. Ngalang Moort Ngalang Kurlangah also delivers customised and culturally connected workshops, referral pathways to other services and home visits.

Delivered by Aboriginal staff for Aboriginal families living in the City of Swan.

Ngalang Moort Ngalang Kurlangah

 

You can find out more about this service here.

For further information, please contact:

Ph: 0435 855 329 or email: [email protected]

Nurturing And Parenting Program for Youth – NAPPY

For young parents (under 25), or for young parents expecting a baby, who live in Rockingham or surrounding areas

Come along to meet other local young parents and their children at one of our FREE groups. Our groups allow you to add to your parenting toolkit in a welcoming, nurturing and supportive environment.

You can learn to understand your child’s behaviour and development and discover great play ideas! We have regular activities such as swimming lessons, Toddler Jam, a first aid course, and more.

– Meet other young parents

– Develop your parenting skills

– Plenty of play ideas to share with your child

– Other activities such as swimming lessons and Toddler Jam

– Workshops on brain development, sleep difficulties and challenging behaviour issues, along with other age-appropriate activities and experiences for you and your child/children to enjoy together

 

Shining Stars TODDLER GROUP (Toddlers 10 – 24 months)

Tuesdays: 9.30am – 11.00am

Little Movers and Groovers BABY GROUP (Babies under 10 months)

Tuesdays: 1.30 pm – 2.30 pm

Transport and home visits can also be arranged.

Read more about the programs here or contact us on 0427 390 795.

 

Funded by the Australian Government Department of Social Services. Visit www.dss.gov.au for more information.

Your toddler and your new baby

Expecting another baby? 

Pregnancy and the birth of a new baby can stir up many different feelings for mothers, fathers and other family members.  

For mothers, it may bring up thoughts of whether they will love this baby as much as their first. 

Confidence comes with experience, and many second and third time parents find being a parent again, easier. They feel more confident and relaxed.  

It is important to include your toddler in the lead up to the arrival of your new baby. Siblings will figure as one of the most important relationships in your baby’s life – this relationship is usually longer than the parent-child relationship – so it is important that it gets off to a good start. 

The way children respond to the news of the impending arrival of a brother or sister will depend on: 

  • Age and stage of their development 
  • Temperament  

As the date of the birth draws near, being organized will help reduce some of the stress that comes with the arrival of another baby. 

Preparing your toddler for the arrival of their sibling: 

  • Visit friends with babies, start some role-playing with dolls, feeding and putting baby down to sleep.  Share stories and pictures of your older child when they were a baby. 
  • Make a sibling story book so when the baby arrives they can tell the story to the baby about his big brother or sister. The sibling can possibly read to the baby too because that is a very important job. 
  • Discuss with your toddler if they are happy to give up their old pram to the baby? Are you buying a double stroller?  If so, get your child to sit in the stroller and then put a dolly in the stroller to represent the baby. Get your toddler used to the new stroller before the baby arrives. 
  • If it is planned that your child will go for a sleepover on the night the baby is born, help them by practicing sleepovers beforehand. 
  • If you are planning to move your toddler from a cot to a bed, do this before the baby is born, so there is no resentment towards the baby.  
  • Continue normal routines as they help to give toddlers a sense of security. They like to know what is coming next.  
  • Allow children to express their feelings by helping them put words to their emotions. 

Introducing your toddler to their baby brother or sister in hospital  

  • It is  a good idea not to have the baby in your arms so you can give your toddler a big cuddle. Make a fuss of them before introducing them to the new baby. Take hints from your toddler, who may be shy at first. You might say, “Would you like to see baby’s little feet? You used to have such tiny feet like that. Would you like to stroke them?”. They might be keen to hold the baby, but don’t push it if they are not. Make sure they know you will still love them now the baby has arrived. Take a photo so your toddler can show everyone they have a new brother or sister. New babies are often showered with gifts and toddlers might feel put out. Some new books or appropriate toys as a present from the baby might help any relieve any potential resentment. 
  • Coming into a hospital might be a new experience for your toddler. They may be shy or anxious seeing you in your pyjamas during the day. 
  • They may become upset if they see their mum with drips and drains attached. Consider planning the first visit after these are all removed. Toddlers have short attention spans and hospital rooms are pretty boring, so organising an activity box with things to keep them entertained is helpful. Snacks to satisfy little appetites often go down well. 
  • If your partner or helper is bringing your toddler late in the afternoon, you might like to do your bedtime routine in hospital. Having a shower in mum’s bathroom and then a book to read before they go, can normalise their life and makes it easy for dads when they get their toddlers home and ready for bed. 
  • For more information on Managing a toddler and a baby at home (Internal link) 

Want to know more? 

The Raising Children Network – New baby: preparing your other children 

Australian Breastfeeding Association – Preparing your toddler for the new baby 

ForWhen

ForWhen Helpline – 1300 24 23 22 – a free national helpline, which is delivered in Western Australia by Ngala.

ForWhen provides new and expecting parents—mums, dads, and guardians—with a caring, supportive mental health navigation service, to guide you and your family throughout your perinatal journey, from conception, up until your child is 12 months old.

We connect parents who are struggling to navigate the complex waters of pregnancy and new parenthood to the critical mental health services in your state, that you might need most.

The ForWhen Helpline is available between 9am and 4.30pm (WST) Monday to Friday.

Learn more or chat online at forwhenhelpline.org.au

Coming home with baby number 2 or 3 or 4!

The arrival of a new baby is an exciting time for the whole family and established routines can often go out the window. From the first days at home, toddlers need to be encouraged and shown how to be gentle as they get to know their brother or sister.  

Having friends and family help with cooking meals, hanging out the washing or doing some ironing can be great and online grocery shopping has been a blessing for many new parents. For mums, the shock of having more than one child may not sink in until their partner has returned to work and the relatives and friends have gone home. 

While it’s great for friends and family to spend extra time with your existing child/children while you’re with the baby, be mindful that your child/children will still want one-on-one time with you.  

Keeping a predictable routine going for your child/children can be beneficial in keeping them calm and letting them know that all is well in their world. It may be difficult to do, especially if the new baby is a little fussy, but avoiding big routine changes around birth and the 6-8 week period after birth can help reassure your toddler that everything is ok. Toddlers like the routines and sticking to yours may make life easier for you as well. 

Encouraging dads to do activities with their toddler can be rewarding and lots of fun for both of them. Giving individual attention to the older child will help to reduce feelings of jealousy and reduce the need to compete with the baby.  

Toddlers often find their new sibling a bit boring- all they do is sleep, feed, cry and need their nappy changed. It is some time before they are interesting playmates. Younger toddlers might not be able to verbalise their feelings, and their behaviour might regress. Your toddler might want a bottle or a dummy, or want to be carried or dressed by you. Parents should offer encouragement and praise the good behaviour but ignore the regression. 

Just remember that it won’t be long until they are all playing together happily.  

Want to know more? 

The Raising Children Network – New baby: Helping toddlers and preschoolers adjust 

I’m going to be a dad

For expectant dads this is a time of great excitement and change. You are an important part of the parenting team – dads can make an equal contribution to parenting babies and young children. All dads – including separated dads, stay at home dads, stepdads and solo dads – should avoid thinking of themselves as helpers or babysitters. 

Fathers make their own unique contribution to child development that is separate (but not superior) to mum. Most of what dads and mums do overlaps, but each brings something different to the parenting table that is of huge benefit to your child. 

The role of dads has changed a lot and most fathers are now seeking to be more involved in the lives of their children. This increased engagement brings lots of benefits.  

We know that children with a loving and involved father figure in their lives:

  • do better at school; 
  • have better relationships with others; 
  • have fewer behaviour issues;
  • are more confident;
  • enjoy good mental health and wellbeing; and  
  • are more resilient and able to cope with life challenges. 

 Your contribution matters to your baby, so do your best to get involved and engaged right from the start. 

The birth 

By now you have probably received more advice and information about the birth than you know what to do with. The most important things to most expectant fathers is that their partner and baby are okay. You will have been told your job is to support your partner, which is fair enough, but what does this mean? 

Most dads today are present at the birth of their child and mums find it comforting to be able to touch and hear their partner during the birth, but one of the most reassuring things for birthing mums is being able to make eye contact with you when they need it. So it is important that dad keeps a calm expression and tone of voice during the birth.  

A few other tips: 

  • Take care of yourself too. Maintain your food and water intake as the birthing process is emotional with lots of adrenalin, and your partner needs you alert and in tune during the birth. 
  • Talking is great, but keep it simple and encouraging (“You’re doing great”, “I love you” etc.). No need to come up with clever and different comments every time. 
  • If you start to feel overwhelmed, quickly duck out of the room at an appropriate time (between contractions) to gather yourself with deep breaths and self-encouragement. It is better to do this and recover than struggle through. 
  • Do you want to actually see baby being born? Most expectant dads say they don’t want to be “down that end”, but remember things can change quickly during the birth and it can be a wonderful experience to see your baby come into the world. Discuss with your partner before the big day. 

Remember that although your partner will experience pain during the birth, your support and presence will be a great help. Most women say that the memory of this discomfort fades very quickly after baby arrives. 

Bonding with baby 

Babies are born with an inbuilt impulse to communicate and right from the start your baby will be seeking to form a relationship with you. Early bonding forms the foundation for a life-long relationship with your child.  

After a birth, babies are often very alert. If your partner needs some time to recover, this is an ideal time to spend some time and start to bond with your baby.  

Some hints:

  • Skin to skin contact with baby helps them to learn your touch, feel and smell – and you to learn theirs. 
  • Baby will likely recognise your voice (they can hear in the womb), so talking to your baby will be comforting for them at this time.  
  • Mutual gaze. Almost immediately, your baby will look at you seeking to make a connection. It is important that you acknowledge this by gazing back, looking deeply into your baby’s eyes and communicating. You may notice baby copying mouth movements as an early stage of learning speech.  
  • You may do some things differently to your partner, such as how you talk to and handle baby. As long as baby feels safe and loved, these differences are good for baby’s brain development. 

By taking this time to build connection parents can form strong bonds with their baby, setting the base for developing great relationships and communication. 

Take leave 

Taking extra leave is challenging for dads, especially if they are the sole income earner at this time. However, we know that those dads who take a minimum of two weeks leave after the birth have the opportunity to form stronger bonds with baby, and become more confident and competent parents faster than those who take less. Try to take advantage of the any parental leave entitlements – talk to your employer or HR officer. 

Things will change 

Life will be very different after you bring baby home. New dads often tell DadsWA workers at Ngala they wish someone had told them how much life is likely to change.  

 Here are some things that are likely to be different as you adjust in the early weeks and months:

  • You may need to adjust your priorities. Those projects you had on the back burner will stay there for a while longer. 
  • You will have less time for individual interests. Those things you both did to unwind or keep fit like the gym or a regular game of golf are likely to become less regular while you adjust to the new rhythm of life. 
  • Financial changes may also add some pressure as many new parents will have changed from two incomes to one at same time as having some extra costs. 
  • Most parent are aware they will have less sleep but are often not prepared for this. Although new babies can sleep up to 18 hours per day, this is in short shifts of 2 to 3 hours for feeding. 
  • There will be less time for you to spend as a couple and organising time together may be challenging. Dads can play an important role in helping to avoid conflict in the relationship that might arise from all the changes by helping to find those small opportunities for a quiet chat, reassuring hug or quick shoulder massage. Support your partner if they want to focus on feeding and attending to the baby’s needs.  

Want to know more? 

The Raising Children Network – Fathers (a collection of articles and videos for dads) 

An interview with Dr Richard Fletcher 

Brains under construction

Parenting advice is everywhere. A lot of this advice is from either the toy industry or companies who want to sell well-meaning parents products that will give their baby an ‘advantage’. 

The best advice we know, based on our understanding of the first three months of development of an unborn baby, is to leave baby alone. Life in the uterus is dark, moist, warm, safe and much quieter than the outside world. This relative lack of stimulation is what your baby needs for brain growth. Morning sickness is natures way of ensuring we don’t interfere. 

Building brains

Brain development begins from day one, conception – the joining of the sperm and egg. Once these two cells are joined, they produce lots of cells in a small space, at an incredible rate. The human embryo soon looks like a tiny mulberry. Within the mulberry certain cells are assigned to creating the placenta and the water balloon in which the embryo will float, the amniotic sac.  Certain cells are given the duty of constructing the embryo, creating a knot of internal tissues termed the inner cell mass. The inner cell mass at this point possesses a cell whose entire offspring will form the human brain. This has all happened before you have missed a period and realized you are pregnant. 

The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne – Brain builders video  

Folic acid

One of the first things you can do to aid in the development of your baby’s brain is to take folic acid. Women who take folic acid around conception and during the first few weeks of pregnancy are 76 percent less likely to create a fetus with a neural tube defect. 

Parents’ health

The health of the mother and father are equally important at conception and it is important to remember that the health of both parents will have a lasting impact on the unborn baby. 

Drugs (including alcohol and nicotine) can damage a baby’s brain during pregnancy. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is the result of the consumption of alcohol during the crucial period of brain development. 

High levels of stress can also affect brain development in babies and may result  in smaller head size, delays in mental and motor development, and increased irritability.  

Baby’s senses

Babies learn about the world through their senses. From touch and smell to hearing and vision, babies have an increasingly active mental life in the womb. 

Factors proven to help baby’s brain development in the womb, especially important in the second half of the pregnancy, are: 

  • Eating the right foods (internal link to 2.4). Healthy food promotes health, growth and development.  A balanced diet that incorporates all the food groups is the best start a pregnant mother can give her baby’s developing brain. 
  • Avoiding stress. Too much stress is not good for pregnant women or their babies. For the best development of your baby’s brain try to avoid stress, especially in the last few months of your pregnancy. There are plenty of ways to actively practice general stress relief. Exercise is one of them. 
  • Exercise (internal link to AN 6.1) just the right amount. Women who exercise regularly have a much easier time giving birth than unfit women. It is thought that the direct affect of aerobic exercise on the baby’s developing brain is of benefit, but also exercise can reduce the mother’s stress. Getting the balance right is important as strenuous exercise in the later stages of pregnancy can have a negative impact. Moderate, regular, aerobic exercise for 30 minutes per day is ideal.  
  • Gaining just the right amount of weight (internal link to AN 6.6), this will vary depending on whether you are overweight or underweight at the start of your pregnancy. Your doctor or midwife will be able to advise you. 

Want to know more?

Raising Children Network – Newborns Development 

Raising Children Network – Smoking, alcohol and other drugs in pregnancy: men 

Frequently asked questions

Why are babies born with a brain not yet fully grown? 
  • Physical- Corresponds to the size of the pelvic outlet- at birth the newborn baby’s brain weighs 400grams, at the end of the critical period a three year olds brain weighs 1100 grams. 
  • Cognitive- The brain requires stimulation and nurturing to grow it to maturity. We are complex beings with higher functioning than all other mammals on earth